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consumers.  First,  there’s  price.  When  a  manufacturer  sells
                                                               direct  to  consumers,  they  control  the  price,  since  there’s  no
                                                               competitive  dealer  network  in  the  mix.  Typically,  that  means
                                                               that prices are high for the goods in question, and as long as
                                                               there’s demand for them, the prices are unlikely to come down.
                                                               Second, there’s limited supply, as the direct sales model focuses
                                                               more on a build-to-order approach. This leads to long wait times
                                                               for delivery. Third, and most importantly, there’s reduced access
                                                               to customer service.  Without a nationwide network of dealers
                                                               available for customers to access for routine maintenance and
                                                               unscheduled service, direct sellers are limited in the capabilities
                                                               they can offer consumers. This leads to service wait times that
                                                               can stretch out for weeks or longer on a consistent basis. Does
                                                               that seem practical in a society that relies so heavily on personal
                                                               transportation?

                                                               The  franchise  model,  however,  offers  many  advantages  that
                                                               benefit  consumers.  When  it  comes  to  price,  there’s  ample
                                                               competition in the marketplace, both inter and intra-brand. And
                                                               as the available EV options increase among OEMs, the pricing
                                                               will continue to trend in a more affordable direction. Additionally,
                                                               franchised dealers will have access to more inventory, since the
                                                               OEMs  have  built  their  manufacturing  capabilities  to  support
                                                               such a large dealer network. This means customers can visit a
                                                               local dealer, test drive an EV they’re considering, and purchase
                                                               on  the  spot.  And  when  it  comes  to  servicing  those  vehicles,
                                                               franchised  dealers  have  the  teams  and  the  tools  to  make  it
                                                               happen, all over the country.

                                                               To  put  the  service  equation  in  context,  consider  these  three
                                                               brands that are no longer in production: Oldsmobile, Pontiac,
                                                               and Saturn. All GM brands. Even though those vehicles went out
                                                               of production years ago, you still see them on the roads today.
                                                               And the reason you see them on the roads today is because
                                                               there’s a franchised dealer network that has the owners’ backs.


                                                               Underneath  the  exterior  of  a  Saturn,  for  example,  you’ll  find
                                                               parts that are common to a wide range of GM vehicles. Those
     up with gas takes just a couple of minutes and availability is   parts are still produced by GM, so they’re still available. And in
     virtually unlimited.                                      the service departments of GM dealers across the country there
                                                               are scores of technicians on-hand, ready to service those cars
     But those hurdles are falling, and EV sales are climbing.   when they roll into the shop.

     So,  what  presents  the  biggest  challenge  in  converting  ICE   Can  a  boutique,  direct-sales  EV  manufacturer,  with  limited
     (internal combustion engine) vehicle owners to EV? The answer:   facilities (not in every state), provide the same level of support
     the sales and service model used to do it.                for  consumers?  No,  they  can’t.  That’s  a  big  problem  for  the
                                                               average motorist.
     There’s two approaches to bringing EVs to market. One is the
     direct  sales  model,  which  is  how  Tesla  sells  its  vehicles.  The   Whether it’s in a major metropolitan area or a sleepy little town
     other is the franchise system, which OEMs like Ford, GM, Toyota,   in the middle of nowhere, the franchised dealer network is best
     etc. have used for decades. And there’s a simple reason those   suited  for  providing  future  EV  consumers  with  the  sales  and
     OEMs employ a franchise dealer system: it works. It works for   service options that they’re not only looking for, they’re able to
     the  OEMs,  it  works  for  the  dealers,  and,  most  importantly,  it   provide them with the ones they need. They’ve stood by their
     works for the consumers.                                  customers since the advent of the internal combustion engine,
                                                               and they’ll stand by them as the EV revolution continues.
     A  direct  sales  model  presents  some  big  problems  for
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